Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 8, 2026
08:02
Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
Published on: April 17, 2018
Impact-Driven Cavity Evolution: The Role of Miscibility in Droplet-Pool Interaction
Shrirang Shivankar1, Eduardo Castillo-Orozco2,3, Ankur Miglani1
1Microfluidics and Droplet Dynamics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India.
Summary
This study compares droplet impacts on liquid films for miscible and immiscible systems. Immiscible impacts create distinct cavity evolution, intensified recirculation, and lower peak pressures, accelerating jet formation.
Area of Science:
- Fluid dynamics
- Interfacial phenomena
Background:
- Droplet impact on liquid films is crucial in various applications like drug delivery and inkjet printing.
- Most research has focused on miscible systems, leaving immiscible droplet-pool dynamics less explored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare cavity evolution, velocity fields, and pressure distributions between miscible and immiscible droplet impacts on liquid films.
- To elucidate the distinct physical mechanisms governing each regime.
Main Methods:
- Experimental comparison of cavity evolution for miscible and immiscible droplet impacts.
- Analysis of velocity fields and pressure distributions.
Main Results:
- Both systems exhibit similar initial impact force magnitudes but differ in distribution and contact area.
- Miscible impacts form near-spherical cavities, while immiscible impacts show intensified recirculation and suppressed vortices.
- Immiscible impacts result in lower peak pressures and accelerated cavity retraction, promoting Worthington jet formation.
Conclusions:
- Interfacial tension in immiscible systems significantly alters cavity morphology, force distribution, and flow dynamics compared to miscible systems.
- A theoretical model is proposed to predict reduced cavity formation time in immiscible impacts based on interfacial tension.
Related Concept Videos
01:09Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
02:34Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
01:16Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
02:39Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
01:01Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria
Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube with...
01:15Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model
Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...