Strengthening Workplace Health Promotion Through Emergency Preparedness: A Normative Mediation Analysis

Workplace emergency preparedness is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of occupational health promotion and prevention. Understanding the mechanisms through which institutional arrangements are associated with employees' willingness to provide emergency assistance is essential for advancing prevention science and strengthening organizational safety culture. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study tested a dual-mediation structural model using survey data from 147 frontline employees in a private-sector organization engaged in high-risk operational tasks. Perceived workplace institutional attitudes (PWIA) and attitudes toward incentive mechanisms (ATIM) were modeled as predictors; subjective norm attitudes (SNA) and attitudes toward emergency responsiveness (ATER) as mediators; and willingness to provide emergency assistance (WPA) as the outcome. Confirmatory factor analysis and robust maximum likelihood estimation were applied, with indirect effects examined using 5,000 bootstrap resamples. PWIA was associated with WPA primarily through SNA, underscoring the central role of normative reinforcement in linking institutional structures with preventive helping intentions. ATER alone did not significantly mediate the relationship, suggesting that efficacy beliefs may require normative support to translate into action. ATIM demonstrated a direct but limited association with WPA. These findings suggest that sustainable workplace emergency preparedness may depend on embedding supportive norms within organizational systems. Strengthening leadership expectations, peer modeling, and recognition practices can help normalize helping behaviors, offering actionable strategies for workplace health promotion and prevention.