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Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats
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Structural Retinal and Choroidal Changes in Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis Assessed by Swept-Source Optical Coherence

Ramavath Sree Keerti1, Manjit Boro1, Muhsin Hashim1

  • 1Department of Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) identifies unique retinal and choroidal changes in active, reactive, and inactive toxoplasma retinochoroiditis (TRC). These SS-OCT biomarkers aid in staging disease activity, guiding treatment, and monitoring patient prognoses.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis (TRC) presents with varied clinical activity.
  • Accurate staging is crucial for effective management and monitoring of TRC.
  • Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) offers high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of the retina and choroid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize distinct retinal and choroidal structural changes in active, reactive, and inactive phases of TRC using SS-OCT.
  • To establish stage-specific imaging biomarkers for TRC.
  • To evaluate the utility of SS-OCT in therapeutic decision-making and disease monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study analyzed 33 patients (39 eyes) with TRC, categorized into active, reactive, or inactive phases.
Keywords:
Disease activity phasesSwept-source OCTretinal biomarkerstoxoplasma retinochoroiditisvisual outcomes

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  • SS-OCT was employed to measure central foveal thickness (CFT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), retinal layers, and vitreous characteristics.
  • Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis H test and multivariate logistic regression; interobserver reproducibility was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

    • Main Results:

    • Active TRC eyes exhibited significant retinal edema (CFT) and choroidal thickening (SFCT), along with vitreous abnormalities and fluid.
    • Reactive phases showed intermediate changes with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) hyperreflectivity and outer retinal atrophy.
    • Inactive TRC eyes demonstrated retinal thinning, ellipsoid zone disruption, RPE loss, and epiretinal membranes; CFT and SFCT were significantly different across phases (p<0.01).

    Conclusions:

    • SS-OCT reveals distinct structural signatures correlating with TRC disease activity phases.
    • These findings validate SS-OCT for quantifiable disease staging, treatment monitoring, and prognostication in TRC.
    • Further multimodal imaging studies are warranted to complement SS-OCT findings.