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Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects01:20

Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects

In a radical reaction, the concentration of starting materials governs the selectivity of a radical. For example, the reaction between an alkyl halide and an alkene, in the presence of tin hydride and AIBN, begins with the generation of a tin radical. The generated radical then abstracts halogen from the alkyl halide, producing an alkyl radical. This alkyl radical can either react with tin hydride, yielding an alkane, or add to an alkene, generating a nitrile-stabilized radical, eventually...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles
11:54

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles

Published on: June 25, 2018

Competitive reactivity drives size- and composition-focusing in multimetallic nanocrystals.

Jeesoo Yoon1,2,3,4, Jinwon Oh5, Dongjun Kim6,7

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized uniform pentametallic nanocrystals (NCs) by controlling metal reactivity, leading to enhanced thermal stability and catalytic activity for ammonia decomposition. This method offers a novel strategy for designing advanced nanomaterials for energy applications.

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High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles
09:56

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles
11:54

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles

Published on: June 25, 2018

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
10:22

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions

Published on: June 16, 2014

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles
09:56

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Multimetallic nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit unique properties due to synergistic metal interactions.
  • Colloidal synthesis offers control but faces challenges from competing metal precursor reactivities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate how competitive metal reactivity in solution can be leveraged for synthesizing uniform pentametallic NCs.
  • To overcome challenges posed by competing reaction pathways in complex NC synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic mechanistic studies to understand metal incorporation pathways.
  • Exploiting competitive reactivity and selective nucleation via heterodimer intermediates.
  • Controlling homogeneous nucleation through sequential metal addition.

Main Results:

  • Identified heterodimers as key intermediates for controlled metal incorporation.
  • Demonstrated suppression of homogeneous nucleation by adding more metals.
  • Achieved size- and composition-focusing for complex NCs with distinct multimetallic domains.
  • Supported NCs exhibited excellent thermal stability and catalytic activity for ammonia decomposition.

Conclusions:

  • Competitive metal reactivity can be strategically exploited for precise synthesis of complex multimetallic NCs.
  • The developed method enables the design of advanced nanomaterials with tailored properties.
  • These NCs show significant potential for energy-related applications, particularly in catalysis.