Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Defining Social and Cultural Barriers to Global Stroke Care: A SVIN-Mission Thrombectomy Initiative.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026

Same author

Perspectives of Spanish-Speaking Women on Telemedicine for Contraceptive Care.

O&G open·2025

Same author

Nonendoscopic Detection of Barrett's Esophagus on Patients Without Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms.

The American journal of gastroenterology·2025

Same author

LincPRKD: A Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA Activated in Gastric Cancer.

Gastro hep advances·2025

Same author

NONENDOSCOPIC DETECTION OF BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS IN PATIENTS WITHOUT GERD SYMPTOMS.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025

Same author

Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma With Prior Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms Are Similar to Those Without Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The American journal of gastroenterology·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

Published on: October 12, 2012

Over-the-counter contraceptive pill availability in New York State.

Carolyn Joyce¹, Komal Keerthy¹, Sedna Gandhi²

¹New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.

|May 7, 2026

Summary

Access to over-the-counter (OTC) norgestrel (Opill) is limited in New York. One year post-approval, many pharmacies do not stock this contraceptive pill, impacting accessibility.

Keywords:

Availability Birth control pills Contraception Over-the-counter Pharmacy

More Related Videos

Detection of Rabies IgG and IgM Antibodies Using the Rabies Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test

Detection of Rabies IgG and IgM Antibodies Using the Rabies Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test

Published on: January 19, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

Published on: October 12, 2012

Detection of Rabies IgG and IgM Antibodies Using the Rabies Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test

Detection of Rabies IgG and IgM Antibodies Using the Rabies Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test

Published on: January 19, 2024

Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Pharmaceutical Access
Public Health Policy

Background:

The over-the-counter (OTC) availability of norgestrel 0.075mg (Opill) marked a significant step in contraceptive access.
Understanding the real-world availability of this medication is crucial for assessing its public health impact.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the accessibility of norgestrel 0.075mg (Opill) in New York State one year after its approval for OTC sale.
To identify factors influencing the availability of OTC norgestrel in pharmacies.

Main Methods:

A random sample of New York pharmacies was contacted.
Researchers posed as minors inquiring about Opill availability.
Data on pharmacy type, location, stocking status, and ordering capabilities were collected.
Chi-squared tests were used to compare proportions.

Main Results:

Only 3.5% of registered New York pharmacies reached had Opill in stock.
An additional 46.06% could order the medication.
Chain pharmacies were significantly more likely to stock Opill than independent pharmacies (p<0.001).
No significant difference in availability was observed based on pharmacy location.

Conclusions:

Norgestrel 0.075mg (Opill) is not universally available in New York pharmacies one year after OTC approval.
Disparities in stocking exist, with chain pharmacies showing higher availability.
Further efforts are needed to ensure equitable access to OTC contraception.