Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Germ layer-specific interaction of ion channels and transporters controls membrane potential and left-right patterning in Xenopus tropicalis.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Genome-wide association and multi-omics functional screens reveal the genetic architecture of foveal development.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Training the next-generation of biomedical scientists through artificial intelligence-driven education and research in pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences.

Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)·2026
Same author

A heterogeneous population code at the first synapse of vision.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Nanophysiology approach reveals diversity in calcium microdomains across zebrafish retinal bipolar ribbon synapses

eLife·2025
Same author

Electrophysiological profiling of exocytosis during early-stage development of the zebrafish lateral line.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Live Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in the Neuromuscular Junction of Dissected Larval Zebrafish
07:22

Live Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in the Neuromuscular Junction of Dissected Larval Zebrafish

Published on: February 7, 2025

Distinct Roles of CaMKII in Synaptic Vesicle Dynamics at Zebrafish Retinal Rod Bipolar Ribbon Synapses.

Johane M Boff1, Sivatharshan Sivakumar1, Nirujan Rameshkumar1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) optimally regulates neurotransmitter release (NTR) at zebrafish rod bipolar cell synapses. Both inhibiting and enhancing CaMKII activity impairs NTR, indicating CaMKII

Keywords:
CaMKIIcalcium signalingcalmodulinneurotransmitter releaserod bipolar cellzebrafish

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Whole-cell Recordings from Photoreceptors and Second-order Neurons in an Amphibian Retinal Slice Preparation
11:39

Simultaneous Whole-cell Recordings from Photoreceptors and Second-order Neurons in an Amphibian Retinal Slice Preparation

Published on: June 1, 2013

Analyzing Synaptic Modulation of Drosophila melanogaster Photoreceptors after Exposure to Prolonged Light
11:36

Analyzing Synaptic Modulation of Drosophila melanogaster Photoreceptors after Exposure to Prolonged Light

Published on: February 10, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Live Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in the Neuromuscular Junction of Dissected Larval Zebrafish
07:22

Live Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in the Neuromuscular Junction of Dissected Larval Zebrafish

Published on: February 7, 2025

Simultaneous Whole-cell Recordings from Photoreceptors and Second-order Neurons in an Amphibian Retinal Slice Preparation
11:39

Simultaneous Whole-cell Recordings from Photoreceptors and Second-order Neurons in an Amphibian Retinal Slice Preparation

Published on: June 1, 2013

Analyzing Synaptic Modulation of Drosophila melanogaster Photoreceptors after Exposure to Prolonged Light
11:36

Analyzing Synaptic Modulation of Drosophila melanogaster Photoreceptors after Exposure to Prolonged Light

Published on: February 10, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Synaptic Transmission

Background:

  • Calcium (Ca²⁺) is crucial for neurotransmitter release (NTR) and presynaptic modulation.
  • Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is present at presynaptic terminals, including ribbon synapses.
  • CaMKII's role in presynaptic NTR modulation and synaptic vesicle dynamics remains unclear, with conflicting findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CaMKII in modulating Ca²⁺-dependent NTR at zebrafish rod bipolar cell (RBC) ribbon synapses.
  • To determine how CaMKII activity influences presynaptic Ca²⁺ channel function, exocytosis, and synaptic vesicle dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Acute manipulation of CaMKII activity in zebrafish RBC synaptic terminals using inhibitory peptides or constitutively active CaMKII.
  • Combination of imaging and electrophysiological approaches to assess Ca²⁺ channel activity, exocytosis (capacitance measurements), and synaptic vesicle replenishment.

Main Results:

  • Neither CaMKII inhibition nor enhancement altered presynaptic Ca²⁺ channel activity.
  • Inhibition of CaMKII or calmodulin reduced exocytosis and synaptic vesicle replenishment.
  • Elevated CaMKII activity also diminished vesicle fusion, suggesting optimal CaMKII levels for NTR, but did not impair vesicle replenishment.

Conclusions:

  • CaMKII activity is optimally tuned for neurotransmitter release at RBC ribbon synapses; deviations impair release.
  • CaMKII activity is essential for synaptic vesicle replenishment, indicating differential control over vesicle dynamics.
  • Distinct synaptic vesicle populations exhibit differential reliance on CaMKII activity levels.