Vitamin D Supplementation for Preventing Recurrent Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Randomized Clinical Study

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Endocrinology
• Clinical Nutrition

Background:

• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibular disorder.
• Concurrent vitamin D deficiency is frequently observed in BPPV patients.
• The role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing BPPV recurrence remains under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) supplementation in reducing BPPV recurrence.
• To assess the impact of supplementation on vitamin D levels and patient-reported outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 160 adults with BPPV and vitamin D deficiency.
• Participants received weekly cholecalciferol (10,000 IU) or placebo for 24 months.
• Primary outcome: BPPV recurrence rates at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months; secondary outcomes: vitamin D levels, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scores, and safety.

Main Results:

• Cholecalciferol supplementation significantly increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels compared to placebo.
• BPPV recurrence was significantly lower in the cholecalciferol group at all time points (e.g., 27.5% vs. 55.0% at 24 months, P < .001).
• A 50% relative risk reduction in recurrence was observed, with a number needed to treat of 3.6; no safety concerns were reported.

Conclusions:

• Cholecalciferol supplementation effectively reduces BPPV recurrence in vitamin D-deficient individuals over 24 months.
• The intervention demonstrates a favorable safety profile and clinical significance.
• Routine vitamin D assessment and supplementation are recommended for BPPV patients with deficiency.