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Updated: May 9, 2026

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
Published on: October 16, 2021
Moderate mitral regurgitation: when to prefer clip over medical therapy
Federica Coletti1, Myriam Carpenito1, Lorenzo Guarino1
1Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Rome 00128, Italy.
None:
Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with an adverse prognosis. Therefore, both ventricular and atrial phenotypes of FMR represent relevant therapeutic targets in clinical practice. Although randomized clinical trials have primarily focused on the treatment of severe FMR, the prognostic implications and management of moderate FMR have emerged as a topic of increasing interest. This review aims to provide an overview of epidemiology, prognosis, and management of moderate FMR, with a focus on the role of pharmacological treatments and emerging percutaneous strategies.
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