Mitral Valve Prolapse Associated with Mitral Annular Disjunction: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Arrhythmic Risk

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most common valvular heart disease, with a reported prevalence of 2-3% in the general population, and represents the leading structural cause of mitral regurgitation in Western countries. MVP has long been considered predominantly a benign condition; however, it may be associated with adverse clinical events, including severe mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, endocarditis, stroke, and ventricular arrhythmias, potentially leading to sudden cardiac death.