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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events, are a...

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Patient-Reported Outcomes and Outcome Measures in Military Trauma: A Scoping Review.

Samuel S A Davis1, Polly K Painter1, Kaitlyn A O'Connell1

  • 1Birmingham Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B152TT, United Kingdom.

Military Medicine
|May 8, 2026
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Summary

This review found varied patient-reported outcomes and measures in military trauma research. Developing a core set of outcomes and measures is recommended for better patient-centered care and comparable studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma Research
  • Patient-Centered Care
  • Military Health

Background:

  • Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are vital for understanding recovery after traumatic injury.
  • Previous research indicates limited assessment and inconsistent use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in trauma studies.
  • This review focuses on PROs and PROMs within military trauma research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify PROMs used and PROs assessed in military trauma research.
  • To summarize the selection, use, and timing of PROMs and PROs postinjury.
  • To highlight gaps in current practices for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of online databases for studies from 2013-2024 involving military personnel with traumatic injuries.
  • Data extraction on injury type, mechanism, follow-up time, PROMs, and PROs assessed.
  • Narrative synthesis of findings following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Main Results:

  • 481 studies were included, predominantly from the US, focusing on traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • High heterogeneity was observed in the selection, use, and timing of various PROs and PROMs.
  • Top PROMs included PTSD Checklist (PCL), Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), PHQ, BDI, and PSQI. Commonly assessed PROs were PTSD, depression, TBI outcomes, pain, and sleep.
  • Median follow-up was approximately 5 years, with significant variations.

Conclusions:

  • Identified frequently used PROs and PROMs in military trauma research and their timing.
  • Findings can guide clinicians and researchers in military trauma populations.
  • Recommends developing a core set of PROs and PROMs for military trauma to enhance study comparability and patient-centered care.