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Related Concept Videos

Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Voltaic/Galvanic Cells02:47

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells

Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Multifunctional Chloride-Oxide Additive Enabling Simultaneous Ionic/Electronic Conduction for High-Rate

Mingying Zhang1,2, Xingyu Wang2, Chunmeng Gu3

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
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A new LiW₂O(₁₁-x)/₂Clₓ additive enhances solid-state battery cathodes by improving conductivity and mechanical stability. This boosts cycling performance and addresses volume expansion issues in NCM cathodes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Solid-state batteries face challenges with NCM cathodes, including poor electron transport and contact failure due to volume expansion.
  • Traditional conductive additives are often rigid and brittle, leading to interface instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a multifunctional cathode additive for solid-state batteries.
  • To improve the electrochemical and mechanical properties of NCM cathodes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of LiW₂O(₁₁-x)/₂Clₓ (x = 0.5-10) as a glass-ceramic composite additive.
  • Characterization of the additive's electronic conductivity, ionic conductivity, and mechanical properties (Young's modulus).
  • Fabrication and testing of all-solid-state batteries using the developed additive.

Main Results:

  • LiW₂O₃.₅Cl₄ (C4W) additive demonstrated high electronic conductivity (1.86 S cm⁻¹) and moderate ionic conductivity (0.73 mS cm⁻¹).
  • The additive's Young's modulus matched the solid electrolyte, reducing mechanical stress and improving interface stability.
  • Batteries showed excellent cycling stability (81.31% retention after 10,000 cycles at 5C) and rate performance.

Conclusions:

  • The multifunctional additive synergistically controls electrochemical and mechanical properties.
  • This approach offers an effective alternative to traditional conductive additives for advanced solid-state batteries.