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Updated: May 11, 2026
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Published on: November 9, 2016
Situation awareness in emergency nursing practice: A concept analysis.
Muhamad Adam1, Mustikasari2, Yeni Rustina3
1Doctoral Program in Nursing Science, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia; Emergency Department, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Indonesia.
Australasian Emergency Care
|May 9, 2026
Summary
Situation awareness (SitAw) in emergency nursing involves perception, comprehension, and projection. This cognitive process enhances patient safety and quality of care in critical settings.
Area of Science:
- Nursing Science
- Cognitive Psychology
- Healthcare Management
Background:
- Situation awareness (SitAw) is crucial in emergency nursing but lacks clear definition.
- Ambiguity exists regarding SitAw's attributes and boundaries, especially concerning decision-making in critical care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To clarify the concept of SitAw within emergency nursing.
- To define the attributes of SitAw in time-critical clinical environments.
Main Methods:
- Concept analysis using the Walker and Avant framework.
- Systematic review of 36 articles across multiple disciplines.
Main Results:
- SitAw is defined by perception, comprehension, and projection—a dynamic cognitive process.
- Decision-making is a consequence of SitAw, not a defining attribute.
- Antecedents include experience, skills, technology, and work environment; consequences impact patient safety and care quality.
Conclusions:
- SitAw is a foundational cognitive process for effective emergency nursing.
- This analysis refines the conceptual basis for SitAw research and education.
- Improved SitAw supports patient safety initiatives in emergency settings.
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