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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Support Reactions in Three Dimensions01:27

Support Reactions in Three Dimensions

Support reactions in three dimensions help maintain the stability and equilibrium of various structures and systems. These reactions prevent the system from translating and rotating, ensuring the design can withstand external forces and perform its intended function efficiently and safely. Some of the supports providing support reactions in three dimensions are discussed below:
Ball and Socket Joint is one of the supports allowing free rotation about any axis. This freedom of rotation is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis
08:08

Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis

Published on: May 8, 2014

Joint Reaction Forces Decrease Following Total Knee Arthroplasty up to 12-Months Post-Surgery.

Salindi P Herath1, David Hobbs1, Dominic Thewlis2

  • 1College of Science and Engineering, Medical Device Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
|May 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) significantly reduces knee joint contact forces, even one year post-surgery. These altered biomechanical loads may impact bone density around TKA components.

Keywords:
joint reaction forcemusculoskeletal modelingtotal knee arthroplasty

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Mechanical loading is crucial for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) component fixation.
  • Understanding joint reaction forces (JRFs) pre- and post-TKA is vital for assessing outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate medial, lateral, and total knee JRFs before and at 3, 6, and 12 months after TKA.
  • To analyze changes in JRFs during level gait and sit-to-stand activities.

Main Methods:

  • EMG-informed musculoskeletal modeling was used to estimate JRFs.
  • Models were scaled using CT scans and weight-bearing X-rays for lower limb alignment.
  • 22 participants undergoing primary TKA for osteoarthritis were studied.

Main Results:

  • JRF peak values and impulses significantly decreased at 3 months post-TKA for both activities.
  • These forces did not return to preoperative levels by 12 months.
  • Level gait showed a mean total JRF peak reduction of 0.72 BW at 3 months.

Conclusions:

  • Post-TKA patients do not regain preoperative JRFs, even at 12 months.
  • Altered loading patterns may contribute to decreased bone mineral density around TKA components.
  • These findings have clinical relevance for long-term TKA component stability.