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Sociodemographic factors associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in the Ñuble Region in Chile: An

Jaqueline Araneda1, Jorge Celis-Dooner2, Andrés Celis3

  • 1Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.

Current Problems in Cardiology
|May 10, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Higher local health spending and rurality are linked to fewer cardiovascular events in Chile's Ñuble Region. Increased municipal investment also correlated with lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Cardiovascular Epidemiology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading global cause of mortality.
  • Chile's Ñuble Region exhibits the highest CVD mortality rate nationally.
  • Understanding local factors influencing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify sociodemographic factors associated with MACE rates in Ñuble's municipalities.
  • To analyze the relationship between MACE and factors like rurality, health expenditure, and municipal health contributions.

Main Methods:

  • Ecological study utilizing hospital discharge data (2011-2021).
  • Calculation of MACE rates per 1,000 inhabitants, weighted by public health insurance coverage.
  • Statistical analysis included Spearman correlation and multivariate regression modeling.

Main Results:

  • A total of 20,063 MACE discharges were recorded, with a mean rate of 4.85 per 1,000.
  • Significant inverse correlations were found between MACE rates and health expenditure (ρ=-0.30), rurality (ρ=-0.15), and municipal health contributions (ρ=-0.17) (p < 0.05).
  • Multivariate analysis confirmed these factors remained significant predictors of MACE rates (R²=0.699).

Conclusions:

  • Increased rurality, higher health spending, and greater municipal health investment are associated with reduced MACE rates.
  • Local health investments play a vital role in mitigating cardiovascular risk.
  • Findings underscore the importance of tailored public health strategies at the municipal level.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChileMajor adverse cardiovascular eventsSociodemographic factors

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