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Related Concept Videos

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway01:17

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway

Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Separation and Differential Characterization of Gut Microbial Extracellular Vesicles in Salt-Sensitive Rats under High-Salt Diet Conditions
07:21

Separation and Differential Characterization of Gut Microbial Extracellular Vesicles in Salt-Sensitive Rats under High-Salt Diet Conditions

Published on: June 6, 2025

High-Salt Diet Disrupts Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane: A Unifying Mechanism Linking

Hong-Li Han1, Li-Min Zhang2, Zi-Chen Wang2

  • 1Institute of Microcirculation & Basic Medical College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.

The Journal of Nutrition
|May 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

High salt intake disrupts the mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM), impairing cellular functions and contributing to diseases like hypertension. Targeting MAM offers potential therapeutic strategies for salt-related disorders.

Keywords:
calcium homeostasishigh-salt dietlipid metabolismmetabolic diseasemitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane

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Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells
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Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells

Published on: December 10, 2016

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Separation and Differential Characterization of Gut Microbial Extracellular Vesicles in Salt-Sensitive Rats under High-Salt Diet Conditions
07:21

Separation and Differential Characterization of Gut Microbial Extracellular Vesicles in Salt-Sensitive Rats under High-Salt Diet Conditions

Published on: June 6, 2025

Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells
09:34

Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells

Published on: December 10, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Membrane Biology

Background:

  • The mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) is a crucial interface regulating cellular processes.
  • MAM dysfunction is increasingly linked to diseases driven by high salt intake.
  • High salt disrupts calcium homeostasis and lipid metabolism at the MAM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of MAM in high-salt diet-related disorders.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying MAM disruption by high salt.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting MAM for salt-induced diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on MAM, high salt intake, and associated diseases.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving calcium signaling, lipid metabolism, and ER stress.
  • Synthesis of evidence on MAM's role in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and NAFLD.

Main Results:

  • High salt intake impairs MAM integrity and function by perturbing calcium homeostasis and lipid metabolism.
  • Disrupted MAM triggers ER stress and oxidative stress, exacerbating cellular damage.
  • MAM dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and NAFLD.

Conclusions:

  • MAM plays a critical role in mediating the adverse effects of high salt intake.
  • Targeting MAM-mediated inter-organelle communication presents a promising therapeutic avenue for salt-related disorders.
  • Further research into MAM regulation could yield novel interventions for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.