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Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Prodrugs

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Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:28

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is a vital physiological process that chemically alters drugs, facilitating their elimination from the body and terminating their action. This process involves two main phases: phase I and phase II reactions. Phase I reactions, including oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, introduce or unmask polar functional groups on the drug molecule, thereby increasing its water solubility. By enhancing water solubility, the drug becomes more hydrophilic...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
05:10

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Published on: December 11, 2016

Drugst.One DREAM-Drug repurposing through expert annotation and modification.

Lisa M Spindler1, Johannes Kersting1, Quirin Manz1

  • 1Data Science in Systems Biology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.

British Journal of Pharmacology
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drugst.One DREAM refines disease modules for better understanding of complex diseases. This network medicine tool aids researchers in identifying causal mechanisms and potential drug targets, improving precision therapy.

Keywords:
bioinformaticscomputational pharmacologyintracellular signallingrepurposingsystems pharmacology

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
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Chemogenetic Regulation in Reprogrammed Stem Cell-derived Precursor Cells in Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Network and systems medicine
  • Computational biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Complex diseases often lack actionable understanding of causal biological mechanisms, leading to symptom-based treatments.
  • Network and systems medicine utilize disease-associated genes, proteins, and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) to form disease modules.
  • Current computational methods for disease module construction overlook pathway annotations, cellular compartments, and directed PPIs, necessitating contextual refinement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present Drugst.One DREAM, a user-friendly toolbox for refining disease modules without requiring bioinformatics expertise.
  • To enable biomedical experts to identify dysregulations, select appropriate drug classes, and eliminate promiscuous proteins in disease modules.
  • To facilitate precision therapy by subdividing complex diseases into actionable causal mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Drugst.One DREAM extends the existing Drugst.One web tool with network editing features.
  • Users can refine PPI modules using pathway enrichment analysis and network clustering.
  • Dedicated graph layouts visualize subcellular localization and causal relationships sourced from OmniPath.

Main Results:

  • The tool was demonstrated by reproducing a known NOX5-containing module.
  • An algorithmically inferred candidate module for Crohn's disease was refined, showcasing the tool's effectiveness.
  • The study highlights the tool's utility for a broad user group in pharmacology and biomedical research.

Conclusions:

  • The Drugst.One DREAM extension addresses a critical need in network medicine tools.
  • It provides experts with an accessible option for refining disease modules.
  • This advancement supports the development of more precise and effective therapeutic strategies for complex diseases.