Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 12, 2026
04:33
Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Published on: April 26, 2024
Insomnia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence, Psychological Correlates, and Association With Glycemic Control
Carlos Siopa1, Ana Duarte1, João Revez Lopes1
1Psychiatry, Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) de Santa Maria, Lisbon, PRT.
Cureus
|May 11, 2026
Summary
Insomnia affects over a third of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, sleep issues were not linked to glycated hemoglobin levels, suggesting other factors influence diabetes management.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Sleep Medicine
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Insomnia is a common sleep disorder impacting overall health.
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management requires attention to comorbidities.
- The relationship between insomnia and glycemic control in T2DM patients needs further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of insomnia among adults with T2DM.
- To examine the association between insomnia and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.
- To identify predictors of insomnia in this population.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study design.
- Participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
- Glycated hemoglobin values were self-reported; logistic and linear regression analyses were performed.
Main Results:
- 37.7% of T2DM patients experienced clinically significant insomnia.
- Higher HADS scores were associated with insomnia, but age, sex, and HbA1c were not significant predictors.
- Insomnia was not significantly associated with HbA1c levels (coef.=0.04; p=0.28).
Conclusions:
- Insomnia is prevalent in T2DM patients but not directly linked to glycemic control (HbA1c).
- Psychological factors (anxiety, depression) significantly correlate with insomnia in T2DM.
- Routine screening for sleep and mental health issues is recommended for improved T2DM management, particularly in younger patients.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
01:25Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
01:19Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...