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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Sinus Pericranii: Systematic Review with a Case Illustration.

Hind E L Azzazi1, Yao Christian Hugues Dokponou2, Mahjouba Boutarbouch1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.

Asian Journal of Neurosurgery
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Sinus pericranii (SP) is a rare vascular malformation. This systematic review synthesizes data on 82 SP patients, detailing clinical presentation, management, and outcomes for this challenging condition.

Keywords:
case illustrationdiagnosissinus pericraniisystematic reviewtreatment modalities

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Sinus pericranii (SP) is a rare congenital vascular malformation connecting intracranial and extracranial venous systems.
  • SP often presents as an asymptomatic scalp mass, potentially misdiagnosed as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
  • Existing literature lacks comprehensive reviews, hindering evidence-based management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first systematic review of Sinus pericranii (SP).
  • To synthesize data on clinical presentation, dural sinus involvement, management, and outcomes.
  • To highlight the need for evidence-based guidelines for this rare pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines.
  • PubMed/MEDLINE database search for studies reporting SP patients from 1985-2025.
  • Inclusion of 65 studies reporting on 82 patients with Sinus pericranii.

Main Results:

  • Median patient age was 8 years, with a 61% male predominance.
  • Common locations included frontal (37.8%), parietal (32.9%), and occipital (13.4%) regions.
  • Craniosynostosis (7.3%) and trauma (18.3%) were identified as potential contributing factors.

Conclusions:

  • Sinus pericranii management remains largely experience-based due to a lack of established guidelines.
  • This review provides a data synthesis of SP's clinical spectrum, aiding in diagnosis and treatment planning.
  • Further evidence-based research is crucial to develop standardized management protocols for Sinus pericranii.