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The calcium-binding protein S100β regulates synaptic plasticity in the visual cortex.

Yanis Inglebert1,2, Rafael Sanz-Gálvez1,2, Arlette Kolta1,2,3

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.

Iscience
|May 11, 2026
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Summary

Astrocytes and S100β protein regulate synaptic plasticity, a key brain mechanism for memory. This study shows S100β is crucial for long-term potentiation in the visual cortex.

Keywords:
cell biologyneurosciencesystems neuroscience

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Synaptic plasticity, including spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), is vital for brain memory storage.
  • Astrocytes modulate neuronal function via gliotransmitter release, but their role in plasticity is understudied.
  • S100β, a glial calcium-binding protein, influences extracellular calcium and calcium-dependent processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of astrocytes and S100β in synaptic plasticity.
  • To examine S100β's influence on synaptic plasticity at layer 2/3-layer 5 synapses in the visual cortex.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings in the visual cortex.
  • Investigation of synaptic plasticity at layer 2/3-layer 5 synapses.
  • Focus on the role of S100β and astrocytes.

Main Results:

  • S100β was identified as a significant regulator of synaptic plasticity.
  • Demonstrated S100β's critical role in long-term potentiation (LTP).

Conclusions:

  • Astrocytes, through S100β, play an important role in regulating synaptic plasticity.
  • S100β is a key modulator of long-term potentiation in the visual cortex.