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Marine Microbial Ecology

Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...
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The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches extending beyond...
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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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Updated: May 12, 2026

Microbiota of Attine Ants' Gardens: Visualizing a Microbial Landscape by Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:00

Microbiota of Attine Ants' Gardens: Visualizing a Microbial Landscape by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: October 4, 2024

Seagrasses host unique and vulnerable microbiomes, structured by inter-domain microbial interactions.

Eugenio Rastelli1,2, Michael Tangherlini3, Cinzia Corinaldesi2,4

  • 1Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, Fano 61032, Italy.

Iscience
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Seagrass microbiomes are shaped by species, not environment. Loss of key microbes threatens seagrass health, but microbial eukaryotes may support stability, aiding conservation efforts.

Keywords:
aquatic scienceearth sciencesenvironmental science

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Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations
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Monitoring Spatial Segregation in Surface Colonizing Microbial Populations

Published on: October 29, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Microbial ecology
  • Conservation science

Background:

  • Seagrass meadows are crucial coastal habitats facing global decline.
  • The roles of associated microbes in seagrass health are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prokaryotic and microbial eukaryotic communities associated with diverse seagrass species.
  • To determine the factors shaping seagrass microbiomes and their functional implications for conservation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of small subunit (SSU)-rRNA amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from seagrass leaves, roots, and sediments across multiple regions.
  • Comparative microbiome analysis across seagrass species and environmental compartments.
  • Network analysis to identify keystone microbial taxa and their interactions.

Main Results:

  • Microbiome composition varied significantly, with seagrass species being the primary driver, not environmental factors.
  • Low microbial similarity was observed between seagrass and sediments, among species, and between leaves and roots.
  • Network analysis indicated high vulnerability of seagrass microbiomes to the loss of keystone microbes, including beneficial bacteria.
  • Microbial eukaryotes showed mostly positive interactions with keystone bacteria, suggesting a role in holobiont stability.

Conclusions:

  • Seagrass species identity strongly influences associated microbial communities.
  • Keystone microbes are critical for seagrass health, with potential roles in nutrient cycling and detoxification.
  • Microbial eukaryotes may play a beneficial role in seagrass holobiont stability, contrary to previous disease-linked associations.
  • Understanding seagrass microbiomes is essential for effective conservation strategies.