Magnesium and Strontium-Doped Bioglass Nanoparticles as a Novel Formulation: Advancing Osteoconductivity and...

Bioglass has gained significant attention in bone tissue engineering (BTE) due to its excellent bioactivity, osteoconductivity, and biodegradability. Recent advancements involve doping magnesium (Mg) and strontium (Sr) to enhance its osteogenic properties. This study aimed to synthesize Sr/Mg-doped 58S bioglass nanoparticles via the sol-gel method, incorporating 58% SiO₂, 37% CaO, 2% P₂O₅, 2% MgO, and 1% SrO, and to evaluate their potential for bone regeneration. The bioglass properties, including surface morphology, elemental composition, and particle size distribution, were characterized to assess their structural properties. Cell viability was evaluated over 7 days using the Resazurin assay on L929 fibroblast cells, while in vivo bone regeneration potential was assessed in rabbit skull defect models. The bioglass nanoparticles showed uniform nanoscale morphology with effective Sr and Mg incorporation. Cell viability assays demonstrated high compatibility, with no significant cytotoxicity over 7 days. In vivo results demonstrated a significant enhancement in bone formation within rabbit calvarial defects implanted with Sr/Mg-doped bioglass (60.24 ± 2.88%) compared to the undoped bioglass group (45.80 ± 4.39%) and the control group (45.81 ± 6.01%) at 28 days post-implantation. Sr/Mg-doped 58S bioglass nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced biocompatibility and sustained ion release, highlighting their potential as effective nanomaterials for BTE.