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Radiating Black Holes in General Relativity Need Not Be Singular.

Francesco Di Filippo1

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study challenges the necessity of singularities in black holes. Hawking radiation and electromagnetic repulsion can prevent the formation of singularities and Cauchy horizons in charged black holes.

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • Astrophysics
  • General Relativity

Background:

  • Black holes are theorized to contain singularities or Cauchy horizons where general relativity breaks down.
  • Understanding the internal structure of black holes is crucial for reconciling general relativity and quantum mechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether singularities and Cauchy horizons are inevitable in black holes.
  • To explore the role of Hawking radiation and electromagnetic effects in black hole formation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a charged, spherically symmetric black hole undergoing gravitational collapse and Hawking radiation.
  • Examination of electromagnetic repulsion and energy condition violations.

Main Results:

  • Hawking radiation and electromagnetic repulsion can prevent the formation of both singularities and Cauchy horizons.
  • The presence of Hawking radiation leads to a violation of energy conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Singularities and Cauchy horizons may not be inevitable in all black holes.
  • Electromagnetic repulsion and Hawking radiation offer a mechanism to avoid singularity formation.
  • Angular momentum might play a similar role in astrophysical black holes.