VR Nature Therapy: Embodiment and Emotional Regulation through Immersive Virtual Environments

Virtual reality (VR) nature therapies show promise for emotion regulation, but optimal combinations of settings remain unclear. This within-subjects study examined how cultural familiarity (Hong Kong marine vs. German forest sceneries) and interaction mode (sitting vs. standing) affect mood, embodiment, nature connectedness, and VR presence in 31 participants (mean age 22.5 years, SD 2.1; 18 female, 13 male; no prior VR experience reported by 74%). Using immersive 360-degree VR natural sceneries, we assessed outcomes via standardized scales before and after exposure. Results revealed significant pre- to post-exposure improvements in mood (reduced anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension) and embodiment (enhanced Body Unencumbered Adjustment), suggesting VR nature therapies' potential for treating mood disorders. Standing postures significantly enhanced embodiment compared to sitting, underscoring physical posture's influence on body awareness. Moderate levels of presence and nature connectedness highlighted 360-degree videos' effectiveness for therapeutic benefits. Although no significant effects emerged from scenery changes, findings emphasize VR nature therapies' substantial potential for mental health interventions. Therapists should tailor body positions in VR sessions to optimize embodiment and enhance outcomes. Even simple 360-degree VR implementations can yield meaningful therapeutic effects, warranting further exploration for urbanized populations with limited nature access.