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Related Concept Videos

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
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Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Signs of Puberty01:27

Signs of Puberty

Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
08:36

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Published on: August 8, 2019

Sleep Duration Among US Adolescents, 1991-2023.

Rachel Widome1, Noah T Kreski2, Julie Maslowsky3,4,5

  • 1Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Pediatrics
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescent sleep duration has declined over decades, with recent years showing the lowest sleep sufficiency. Disparities in sleep are growing, particularly for marginalized youth.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sleep Science
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Adolescent sleep duration has been a growing concern over recent decades.
  • Understanding long-term trends and sociodemographic disparities in youth sleep is crucial for public health.
  • Previous research indicates potential declines in sleep, but comprehensive trend analysis is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine temporal trends in adolescent sleep duration and sufficiency in the United States from 1991 to 2023.
  • To identify sociodemographic disparities in these sleep trends.
  • To assess the most recent period (2021-2023) for adolescent sleep patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the nationally representative Monitoring the Future study (1991-2023).
  • Included cohorts of adolescents born between approximately 1972 and 2011 (N=401,160).
  • Employed age-period-cohort models to analyze self-reported sleep duration and sufficiency, examining sociodemographic differences.

Main Results:

  • Adolescent sleep duration decreased with age across all periods studied.
  • Adolescents in the last decade (2014-2023) were more likely to report inadequate sleep than in prior decades.
  • The 2021-2023 period showed the lowest prevalence of obtaining 7+ hours of sleep, with significant disparities emerging/widening between racial/ethnic groups and socioeconomic statuses.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent sleep has been progressively eroding over several decades.
  • Youth from marginalized sociodemographic groups face a heightened risk of insufficient sleep.
  • Short sleep in adolescents is concerning due to its impact on health and development, necessitating targeted interventions.