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Published on: June 20, 2025
Turkish Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Physical Activity Correlates Questionnaire From the Social
Esma Akgul1,2, Ayse Ergun3
1Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey esmaakgul@marun.edu.tr esmaakgul@subu.edu.tr.
Abstract:
Background and Purpose: The Social Ecological Model provides a comprehensive perspective on the physical, social, environmental, and individual factors that influence physical activity. This study aimed to evaluate the Turkish validity and reliability of the Physical Activity Correlates Questionnaire from the Social Ecological Model (SEM-PACQ) among university students. Methods: This study was conducted between October 2023 and June 2024 at the faculties of health sciences at state universities in two provinces of Türkiye (N = 335) using a cross-sectional design to evaluate the validity and reliability of the instrument. The scale was translated using translation/back-translation procedures. Content validity was assessed using the content validity index. Following pilot testing, minor wording revisions were made to enhance item clarity. Reliability was evaluated using coefficient alpha, McDonald's omega, item-total correlations, and internal consistency coefficients, and construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analyses. Convergent and discriminant validity were also examined. Results: The scale consists of 22 items and retains its original, six-factor structure. The content validity index was .95. The item-level content validity ratios ranged from .75 to 1. The coefficient alpha and McDonald's omega values for the scale were .90. The item-total correlation coefficients ranged between .41 and .60, and all items had values greater than .40. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the scale's factor structure. The convergent and discriminant validity results indicated acceptable construct validity across the subscales. The total SEM-PACQ and social support subscale scores were significantly higher among those who engaged in vigorous and moderate physical activity than among those who did not (p < .001). Conclusions: The SEM-PACQ was found to be valid and reliable for Turkish university students.
