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RiceBlock-0.2: secured precision rice farming framework using blockchain technology
Bello Musa Yakubu1,2, Abdullah Alabdulatif3, Chang Ge4
1Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Scientific Reports
|May 11, 2026
Summary
RiceBlock integrates blockchain and AI for secure, automated precision rice farming. This framework ensures data integrity and enhances decision-making for improved agricultural outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Technology
- Computer Science
- Cybersecurity
Background:
- Precision agriculture requires secure data acquisition, authenticated device interactions, and transparent decision-making.
- Existing systems face challenges in integrating Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and artificial intelligence (AI) for robust agricultural solutions.
- Secure and automated agronomic decision-making is crucial for optimizing crop yields and resource management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present RiceBlock, a novel blockchain-IoT framework for secure data collection and automated agronomic decisions in precision rice farming.
- To enhance data integrity, confidentiality, and device authentication in agricultural IoT systems.
- To provide a scalable and privacy-preserving architecture for AI-driven agricultural intelligence.
Main Methods:
- Implemented SHA-256 hashing and AES-256-GCM encryption for data integrity and confidentiality.
- Utilized Ethereum digital signatures and timestamp verification for mutual authentication between sensor nodes, cluster heads, and user mobile devices.
- Employed Solidity smart contracts under Proof-of-Authority (PoA) consensus for governing device identity, data provenance, and AI-driven decisions.
Main Results:
- RiceBlock achieved a mean transaction latency of 5.73 seconds and a throughput of 22 transactions per second.
- Demonstrated high authentication success rate (98.2%) with low false acceptance (1.8%) and equal error (2.1%) rates.
- Confirmed decision accuracy with an F1-score of 0.93 and ROC-AUC of 0.96, showing resilience against replay and forgery attacks.
Conclusions:
- RiceBlock effectively secures environmental data collection and automates agronomic decisions for precision rice farming.
- The framework provides a scalable, privacy-preserving architecture, successfully bridging blockchain-based trust with AI-driven agricultural intelligence.
- The system offers enhanced security and transparency, paving the way for more efficient and reliable precision agriculture.
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