Early Experimental Report of the First 8-Gene-Edited Pig-to-Rhesus Macaque Cardiac Xenotransplantation in China

This study aimed to investigate the functional recovery of an 8-gene-edited pig heart after orthotopic xenotransplantation, the characteristics of the recipient's immune responses, and the efficacy of postoperative complication management to provide comprehensive experimental evidence for the clinical translation of xenogeneic cardiac transplantation technology.

On December 27, 2025, an orthotopic heart was xenotransplanted from an 8-gene-edited pig to a rhesus macaque using the biatrial anastomosis technique. Postoperatively, comprehensive vital sign monitoring, immunosuppressive therapy, and complication interventions were implemented. Donor organ cardiac function, recipient immune indicators, and survival status were evaluated within 30 days after transplantation.

The recipient macaque survived for more than 30 days postoperatively. The cardiac function of the donor heart gradually stabilized, with the ejection fraction increasing from 58% in the early postoperative phase to 66%. No hyperacute immune rejection occurred. Postoperative complications, including infection, pleural effusion, and blood pressure fluctuations, were effectively controlled with symptomatic treatment.

An 8-gene-edited pig heart demonstrates good biocompatibility in xenogeneic cardiac transplantation. Standardized surgical procedures, precise immunosuppressive regimens, and comprehensive postoperative care can effectively ensure desirable transplantation outcomes. This study offers an important technical reference for clinical xenogeneic cardiac transplantation.