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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney01:18

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering and cleaning blood, removing waste products, and regulating electrolyte levels. To perform these essential functions, they require a constant and robust blood supply.
Bloody Supply to the Kidneys:
The kidneys receive their blood supply from the renal arteries, which branch off from the abdominal aorta—the main artery supplying the abdomen and lower body. The renal arteries enter the kidneys at the hilum, a notch on the medial side of each...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers01:17

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers

β1-receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. In cardiac myocytes, these receptors interact with neurotransmitters released by the sympathetic nervous system during heightened activity or danger. As a result, β1-receptors get activated, initiating a series of biochemical processes. Excessive activation of beta receptors due to chronic stress can abnormally increase heart rate and contractility, resulting in high blood pressure or hypertension. To counteract this, β1-blockers...
Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation

The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
GFR regulation involves two primary intrinsic controls: the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms.
The myogenic...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
08:21

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

Published on: October 26, 2020

BDNF/TrkB Signaling in the Brain-Kidney Axis Under Functional Stress.

Anna Beknazarova1, Victoria Kuvaeva1, Maxim Baltin1

  • 1Scientific Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia.

Biology
|May 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling may protect kidneys during strenuous exercise. This pathway could stabilize podocyte structure, reducing protein leakage and offering resilience against renal stress.

Keywords:
TrkB (NTRK2)actin cytoskeleton remodelingbrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)brain-kidney axisextreme physical exercisepodocytes

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Transcutaneous Assessment of Renal Function in Conscious Rodents
07:18

Transcutaneous Assessment of Renal Function in Conscious Rodents

Published on: March 26, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
08:21

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

Published on: October 26, 2020

Transcutaneous Assessment of Renal Function in Conscious Rodents
07:18

Transcutaneous Assessment of Renal Function in Conscious Rodents

Published on: March 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Nephrology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB are known for neuroplasticity.
  • Emerging evidence indicates BDNF/TrkB signaling plays a role in systemic stress adaptation beyond the central nervous system.
  • Strenuous exercise can pose a renal challenge, especially with dehydration, heat, or vascular issues, potentially causing glomerular barrier dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the brain-kidney axis and the potential renoprotective role of BDNF/TrkB signaling.
  • To highlight knowledge gaps concerning BDNF availability to glomerular cells and TrkB actions.
  • To explore BDNF/TrkB as a candidate resilience pathway in exercise-related renal stress.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on BDNF/TrkB signaling in the context of systemic stress and kidney function.
  • Analysis of BDNF biogenesis, circulating pools, and tissue-level signaling pathways.
  • Examination of podocyte structure and function in relation to actin dynamics and glomerular filtration.

Main Results:

  • BDNF/TrkB signaling may stabilize podocyte actin dynamics, reduce foot process effacement, and attenuate proteinuria.
  • Circulating BDNF levels reflect platelet pools and context-dependent release.
  • Current human data is insufficient to pinpoint BDNF sources and delivery routes to glomerular cells during exercise stress.

Conclusions:

  • BDNF/TrkB signaling is a potential pathway for enhancing cellular resilience in the kidney.
  • Further research is needed to clarify BDNF's role and delivery mechanisms in exercise-induced renal stress.
  • BDNF/TrkB is considered a candidate modulatory/resilience pathway, not yet an established causal driver in this context.