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No Interaction Between Physical Activity and Body Mass Index on Chronic Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study
Julie Mundt1,2, Jeanette Reffstrup Christensen3,4,5, Kirstine Skov Benthien6,7
1Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
European Journal of Pain (London, England)
|May 12, 2026
Summary
Obesity and sedentary behavior increase chronic pain risk, especially in adults over 35. Physical activity and BMI did not show a significant interaction, but addressing both factors is key for pain management.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Pain Management
Background:
- Chronic pain affects many individuals and society.
- Overweight is linked to increased chronic pain risk.
- Physical activity may offer protection against chronic pain.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the interaction between physical activity and Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to chronic pain.
- To determine if this interaction varies across different age groups.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study using data from the 2021 Danish Capital Region Health Survey (n=49,879).
- Self-reported data on chronic pain, BMI, and physical activity.
- Weighted descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.
Main Results:
- 33.8% of participants reported chronic pain.
- Obesity combined with sedentary behavior showed the highest odds of chronic pain.
- Both obesity and sedentary behavior independently increased chronic pain odds, particularly in adults aged 35+.
- Little evidence of a multiplicative interaction between physical activity and BMI was observed.
Conclusions:
- Obesity and sedentary behavior are independently associated with higher chronic pain odds.
- These associations are more pronounced in older adults (35+).
- Addressing obesity and sedentary behavior is crucial for chronic pain prevention and management strategies.