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Chronic pain-prevalence, characteristics, and burden: A population-based cross-sectional study
Marie H Eliasen1, Cathrine J Lau2, Maria H Jacobsen3
1Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
|May 16, 2026
Summary
Chronic pain affects 32% of adults in Denmark, particularly women, the less educated, and the elderly. This widespread condition significantly impacts quality of life and mental well-being, posing a major public health challenge.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Pain Medicine
Background:
- Chronic pain, defined as pain lasting over three months, presents a significant individual and societal burden.
- The International Classification of Disease, 11th version (ICD-11) provides a standardized definition for chronic pain.
- Understanding the prevalence and impact of chronic pain in the general population is crucial for public health initiatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of self-reported chronic pain in the Capital Region of Denmark.
- To characterize the sociodemographic profile of individuals experiencing chronic pain.
- To investigate the multifaceted burden of chronic pain, including pain, health, and emotional factors.
Main Methods:
- A large-scale survey (Danish Capital Region Health Survey 2021) of 56,245 adults (age >=16) was conducted.
- Chronic pain was assessed using validated questions, with sociodemographic data from national registries.
- Statistical analyses, including weighted logistic regression, were employed to analyze prevalence and associated factors.
Main Results:
- 32% of the adult population reported experiencing chronic pain.
- Chronic pain was more prevalent in women, individuals with lower educational attainment, and older adults.
- Significant associations were found between chronic pain and high pain intensity, functional interference, psychological distress, comorbidities, and reduced quality of life.
Conclusions:
- Self-reported chronic pain is highly prevalent in the general adult population.
- Chronic pain is linked to substantial burdens across pain, health, and emotional domains.
- The findings highlight chronic pain as a significant public health concern requiring targeted interventions.
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