Rethinking novel foods regulation in Canada: learning from global models to foster innovation

Novel foods can play an important role in supporting policy interventions focused on sustainable development. The definition and regulation of novel foods vary per jurisdiction. They are strongly influenced by the policymakers' risk perception and can have a direct impact on innovation. Canada maintains a highly regarded food safety system. Yet, provisions related to novel foods have not been significantly updated since the late 1990s and amendments are under consideration. This study identifies seven foundational elements of regulatory mechanisms overseeing market access of novel foods and analyses their impact on innovation. Next, the impacts of the Canadian novel foods framework on innovation are assessed based on an analysis of publicly available records. Based on these theoretical and practical observations, opportunities for enhanced innovation support within the Canadian novel foods framework are proposed. While maintaining a risk-based system supported by pre-market oversight, enhancements focused on novel foods categorization and related guidance, expanded transparency, a more balanced pre- and post-market approach, regional and international collaboration, accredited third-party mechanisms, and recognition of new approach methodologies would facilitate innovation, economic growth, and strengthen confidence in Canada's food regulatory oversight.