Immune microenvironment and strategy of immunotherapy in acral melanoma

Tomoyuki Minowa1,2,3, Kenji Murata1,4, Stephanie S Watowich2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

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The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...