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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology
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Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology

Published on: August 18, 2023

Wildlife Rabies Virus Dynamics in Alabama, USA, 2020-25.

Charles E Rupprecht, Mark Ellis, Dee W Jones

    Journal of Wildlife Diseases
    |May 12, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Wildlife rabies in Alabama is primarily carried by raccoons and bats. Genetic analysis revealed distinct lineages, with raccoon rabies spilling over into domestic animals and other wildlife, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance.

    Keywords:
    Alabamaepidemiologylyssavirusrabies virussurveillancewildlifezoonosis

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    Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications
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    Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications

    Published on: June 29, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Wildlife Epidemiology
    • Zoonotic Disease Surveillance

    Background:

    • Wildlife rabies is endemic in the continental USA, maintained by mammalian reservoirs, particularly bats (Chiroptera) and carnivores (Carnivora).
    • In the southeastern USA, raccoon (Procyon lotor) and bat rabies virus variants are predominant.
    • Alabama represents the westernmost limit for raccoon rabies perpetuation, making it a critical area for studying viral dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the recent genetic diversity and transmission patterns of wildlife rabies virus in Alabama.
    • To identify the primary viral lineages and assess host spillover events.
    • To inform local rabies management strategies and regional surveillance efforts.

    Main Methods:

    • Phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus nucleoprotein gene sequences.
    • Analysis of 65 rabid animal samples submitted to public health authorities between 2020 and 2025.
    • Identification of viral lineages associated with specific host species.

    Main Results:

    • Two major rabies virus lineages were identified: one associated with raccoons and the other with bats.
    • Raccoon rabies virus demonstrated host spillover into domestic animals and mesocarnivores.
    • Bat rabies viruses were confined to bat populations, but interspecific transmission among bats was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • The study confirms the co-circulation of distinct raccoon and bat rabies virus lineages in Alabama.
    • Evidence of host spillover from raccoons underscores the potential for rabies transmission to domestic animals and other wildlife.
    • Findings provide crucial data for tracking epidemiologic trends, identifying host shifts, and guiding regional rabies control and management strategies.