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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
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Melatonin and the Cardiovascular System.

Antonis A Manolis1, Theodora A Manolis2, Apostolos Vouliotis3

  • 1From the Department of Internal Medicine, Elpis General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Cardiology in Review
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melatonin, a hormone regulating circadian rhythms, offers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. It shows potential therapeutic value for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by interacting with the cardiovascular system.

Keywords:
atherosclerosiscardiac arrhythmiascardiometabolic diseasecardiovascular diseasecircadian regulationdiabetesheart failurehypertensionlipidsmelatoninrenoprotectionsleep quality

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a neuroendocrine hormone with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging properties.
  • It regulates circadian rhythms and is produced in pineal and extrapineal tissues, including the cardiovascular system.
  • Melatonin's secretion is influenced by light cycles, occurring primarily at night.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of melatonin in the cardiovascular system.
  • To explore its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoactive properties relevant to cardiovascular health.
  • To highlight melatonin's potential as an adjunctive therapy for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and meta-analysis of studies on melatonin's effects on the cardiovascular system.
  • Examination of melatonin's interaction with melatonin receptors (MT1/MT2) and ion channels in the CV system.
  • Analysis of melatonin's antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin exhibits antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, protecting against oxidative damage.
  • Its vasoactive effects are concentration-dependent and receptor-mediated (MT1: vasoconstriction, MT2: vasorelaxation).
  • Melatonin may help maintain endothelial cell integrity, potentially averting atherosclerosis and ameliorating cardiometabolic disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin possesses significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties beneficial for cardiovascular health.
  • It demonstrates therapeutic potential as an adjunctive treatment for various CVDs through multiple mechanisms.
  • Further research is needed on circadian variations in melatonin receptor expression within the CV system.