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Ultra-Wideband Radar-Based Sensing Poultry Litter Moisture Content Monitoring System.

Haotang Li1, Zhenyu Qi1, Tanvir Ahmed2

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radar non-invasively estimates poultry litter moisture content (LMC) even with broiler interference. This technology offers a promising solution for precision poultry farming, improving animal welfare and productivity.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Sensor Technology
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • High litter moisture content (LMC) in poultry houses negatively impacts broiler welfare and productivity, causing issues like footpad dermatitis and ammonia emissions.
  • Current LMC monitoring methods are often invasive, limited to single points, or only measure surface conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radar as a non-contact method for estimating LMC in poultry bedding.
  • To assess UWB radar's effectiveness under various challenging conditions, including contamination and structural changes, and with broiler presence.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a four-phase experiment to characterize UWB radar signal-moisture relationships.
  • Evaluated performance across different LMC levels (0-50%), manure simulant contamination, and bedding structures (loose, compacted, caked).
Keywords:
bedding qualitylitter moisture content (LMC)non-contact sensingprecision livestock farmingsensor characterizationultra-wideband radar

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  • Developed a progressive feature engineering approach and an SVC-gated mixture-of-experts regression architecture to handle confounding factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Under clean conditions, the baseline UWB radar model achieved high accuracy (R²=0.97, RMSE=2.48% LMC).
    • In realistic conditions (contamination, caked bedding, stationary broiler), the full system achieved R²=0.91 and RMSE=4.53% LMC.
    • The radar system demonstrated 98.8% accuracy in detecting broiler presence using radar signals alone.

    Conclusions:

    • UWB impulse radar can effectively estimate poultry litter moisture content non-contact, even when a broiler obstructs the signal.
    • This technology shows significant potential for developing non-contact monitoring systems in precision poultry farming.
    • The findings support improved broiler welfare and farm productivity through real-time LMC management.