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Updated: May 14, 2026

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts
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Combining Video Magnification with Machine Learning-Based Source Identification for Contactless Heart Rate

Tiago de Avelar1,2, Vicente M Garção1,2,3, Hugo Plácido da Silva1,2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
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Contactless heart rate (HR) monitoring using facial video offers a comfortable alternative to traditional methods. This study presents a hybrid framework achieving accurate HR estimation, outperforming existing algorithms.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computer Science
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Conventional heart rate (HR) monitoring methods face challenges including patient discomfort, skin irritation, and poor adherence.
  • Contactless sensing systems are needed to overcome limitations of traditional HR monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a robust hybrid framework for accurate contactless heart rate estimation from facial video.
  • To enhance HR estimation accuracy by combining advanced signal processing and machine learning techniques.

Main Methods:

  • A two-stage geometric stabilization pipeline with dense facial tessellation was used to mitigate motion artifacts.
  • Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) and chrominance-based Region of Interest (ROI) filtering were employed for signal enhancement.
Keywords:
blind source separationcomputer visioncontactless monitoringheart ratemachine learning

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  • Signal recovery involved sliding-window Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Second-Order Blind Identification (SOBI), with a Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) classifier for physiological source identification.
  • Main Results:

    • The framework achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.50 bpm, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 3.07 bpm, and a Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) of 0.97 on the COHFACE dataset.
    • The method demonstrated robustness across diverse lighting conditions.
    • Performance was comparable to state-of-the-art deep learning models and superior to traditional algorithms.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed hybrid framework offers an accurate and robust solution for contactless heart rate monitoring using facial video.
    • This interpretable approach provides a viable alternative for long-term, non-invasive health monitoring.
    • The study highlights the potential of advanced signal processing and machine learning in remote physiological sensing.