A Precise Focusing Simulation Platform for Transcranial Acoustoelectric Brain Imaging

Transcranial acoustoelectric brain imaging (tABI) is a potential brain activity imaging technique with high spatiotemporal resolution. Precise focus of transcranial ultrasound is critical for realizing millimeter-level spatial resolution in tABI. In this study, a precise focusing simulation platform is proposed by constructing a high-precision 3D skull model from Bama pig computed tomography data and a mathematical model equation by considering the skull's heterogeneous properties. Then, the delay parameters derived from the simulation platform improve the precision of transcranial ultrasound focusing, enabling precise localization of brain activation sources with tABI. Phantom experimental results demonstrate that the transcranial ultrasound field is precisely focused at the target with a 0.20 mm deviation when delay parameters are obtained from the proposed simulation platform, whereas it exhibits divergence when using delay parameters derived from pure water or homogeneous skull models. Furthermore, using the proposed simulation platform, tABI can accurately identify intracranial electrical signals of distinct frequencies and precisely locate the corresponding activation sources with a spatial deviation of 0.50 mm. These results demonstrate that the proposed simulation platform is a powerful tool for the precise focusing of tABI.