Applications of Nature-Inspired Water Cycle Algorithm in Antenna Design and Array Synthesis

Area of Science:

• Electromagnetic (EM) technology
• Antenna design
• Array pattern synthesis

Background:

• Advanced optimization algorithms are crucial for developing radar and communication systems.
• Wideband antenna design and array pattern synthesis, especially with strong mutual coupling, present significant electromagnetic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce the Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) for solving complex electromagnetic problems.
• To design wideband antennas and synthesize array patterns using WCA.

Main Methods:

• The Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) was applied to design a dual-band E-shaped microstrip antenna and a magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna.
• WCA was utilized for low peak sidelobe level (PSLL) pattern synthesis in a 27-element folded fractal ME dipole array antenna, considering mutual coupling up to -10 dB.

Main Results:

• WCA achieved superior results in wideband antenna design compared to differential evolution (DE) and gray wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithms.
• The WCA-based array pattern synthesis successfully achieved a low PSLL, validating its effectiveness even with strong mutual coupling.

Conclusions:

• The Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA) is a powerful and effective tool for advanced electromagnetic applications.
• WCA demonstrates significant advantages in both antenna design and array pattern synthesis, offering innovation in EM technology.