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Updated: May 14, 2026
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Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Published on: October 2, 2020
Cardiovascular Entropy and Mortality Prediction in Hemodialysis Patients
Longin Niemczyk1, Katarzyna Romejko2, Katarzyna Buszko3
1Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 13, 2026
Summary
Amplitude-aware permutation entropy (AAPE) can predict mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Lower cardiovascular adaptability, indicated by AAPE, is linked to increased mortality risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular physiology
- Biomedical signal analysis
- Nephrology
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
- Physiological signal complexity and variability, assessed by entropy methods, may hold prognostic value.
- Amplitude-aware permutation entropy (AAPE) analyzes complex cardiovascular dynamics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if AAPE can predict mortality in CKD patients on hemodialysis (HD), with or without diabetes.
- To assess AAPE's prognostic capability using cardiovascular signals after glucose administration during HD.
Main Methods:
- A seven-year follow-up study analyzed mortality outcomes.
- AAPE-derived parameters from cardiovascular signals were correlated with mortality.
- Data included mean arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, systolic arterial pressure, ejection time, and total peripheral resistance.
Main Results:
- Smaller AAPE differences in mean and diastolic arterial pressure before and after glucose administration were linked to higher mortality.
- Higher tonicity correlated with increased survival.
- Greater reductions in AAPE of systolic arterial pressure and larger AAPE differences in ejection time and total peripheral resistance were associated with increased mortality.
Conclusions:
- Entropy analysis, specifically AAPE, reflects cardiovascular adaptability in HD patients.
- AAPE may serve as a prognostic biomarker for mortality in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.
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