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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification
10:21

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification

Published on: September 20, 2024

Emphysema Shapes a Pro-Inflammatory Immune Microenvironment in Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: A Pilot Immune

Jeong Uk Lim1, Seohyeon Kim1, Tai Joon An1

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Emphysema may alter the lung adenocarcinoma immune microenvironment. Smokers with emphysema show a distinct pro-inflammatory profile, suggesting emphysema-associated immune changes warrant further study.

Keywords:
adenocarcinomaemphysemananostringpilot studytumor microenvironment

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification
10:21

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: Probing the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms and Experimental Verification

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Emphysema is a known lung cancer risk factor.
  • The impact of emphysema on the lung adenocarcinoma immune microenvironment is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate immune-related gene expression in lung adenocarcinoma with and without emphysema.
  • To explore differences in the tumor immune microenvironment between smokers with and without emphysema.

Main Methods:

  • Immune-related gene expression profiling of 770 genes using the nCounter PanCancer IO 360 Panel.
  • Analysis of tumor specimens from lung adenocarcinoma patients categorized into Never-smoker, Smoker without emphysema, and Smoker with emphysema groups.
  • Correlation analysis between diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and immune gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Smoker groups showed distinct immune gene expression patterns compared to Never-smokers.
  • Smokers with emphysema exhibited increased expression of specific genes (KIR2DL3, BLK, WNT2B) and enrichment in the IL-17 signaling pathway.
  • Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction was a prominent pathway in both smoker groups. Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide correlated with IL-6 and IL-6R.

Conclusions:

  • Lung adenocarcinoma in patients with emphysema may feature a unique pro-inflammatory immune microenvironment.
  • These preliminary findings suggest emphysema-associated immune remodeling is a potential biological factor.
  • Further validation in larger cohorts is needed due to the pilot nature and small sample size.