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The Pschorr Reaction: Recent Advances and Application in Heterocyclic Synthesis.

Rodrigo Abonia¹, Daniel Insuasty², Juan-Carlos Castillo³

¹Research Group of Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali A. A. 25360, Colombia.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 13, 2026

Summary

The Pschorr reaction, a method for creating fused rings from diazonium salts, has seen significant advancements. New metal, photocatalysis, and ionic liquid methods now enable the synthesis of diverse bioactive heterocycles.

Keywords:

Pschorr reaction diazonium salts intramolecular cyclizations metal-catalyzed or thermal reactions synthesis of heterocycles

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Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Synthetic Chemistry
Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

The Pschorr reaction is a classic radical-mediated cyclization reaction involving diazonium salts.
It is a valuable method for constructing fused polycyclic and heterocyclic ring systems.
Previous reviews have summarized progress, with the last comprehensive review in 2009.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize and discuss recent advances in the Pschorr reaction since 2009.
To highlight new synthetic methodologies and their applications.
To put the progress in the field into perspective.

Main Methods:

Metal-mediated Pschorr reactions.
Photocatalysis-driven Pschorr reactions.
Pschorr reactions utilizing ionic liquids.

Main Results:

Development of novel and improved methods for Pschorr cyclization.
Synthesis of a wider range of diverse bioactive heterocycles.
Expansion of the scope and efficiency of the Pschorr reaction.

Conclusions:

Significant progress has been made in Pschorr reaction methodologies since 2009.
These advances facilitate the synthesis of valuable heterocyclic compounds.
The Pschorr reaction continues to be a vital tool in synthetic organic chemistry.