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Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis as an Enabling Route for High-Entropy MAX Phases.

Ali Haider Bhalli1, Sofiya Aydinyan2, Roman Ivanov1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) offers an energy-efficient route to create novel high-entropy MAX (HE-MAX) phases. This non-equilibrium method overcomes synthesis challenges, enabling new material applications.

Keywords:
MAX phasesMxenesSHScombustion synthesishigh entropy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Ceramics Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • High-entropy MAX (HE-MAX) phases combine multi-principal-element chemistry with MAX phase properties.
  • Synthesis is challenging due to slow diffusion, narrow stability, and competing phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To position self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) as a viable processing route for HE-MAX phases.
  • To develop a thermodynamic-kinetic framework for understanding HE-MAX synthesis via SHS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized SHS for non-equilibrium processing of HE-MAX phases.
  • Developed a thermodynamic-kinetic model correlating reaction enthalpy, entropy, and phase evolution.
  • Correlated adiabatic temperature predictions with experimental SHS data.

Main Results:

  • SHS enables stabilization of entropy-driven HE-MAX chemistries via ultrafast thermal cycles.
  • The framework elucidates phase stability, stoichiometric sensitivity, and effects of diluents/liquid formation.
  • Established design principles for scalable SHS synthesis of HE-MAX phases.

Conclusions:

  • SHS is an effective, energy-efficient method for synthesizing challenging HE-MAX phases.
  • The study provides a framework for predicting and controlling HE-MAX formation.
  • Outlines strategies for MXene exfoliation and application assessment.