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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks

Published on: May 13, 2016

Testing vivo-morpholino mediated gene knockdown in threespine stickleback.

Stella M DiPippo¹, Andrea Roth-Monzón¹, Daniel I Bolnick¹

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|May 13, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Antisense vivo-morpholino oligonucleotides (vivo-MOs) show potential for transient gene knockdown in stickleback fish. While delivery was confirmed, variable uptake limited widespread gene silencing effectiveness in this study.

Keywords:

Gasterosteus aculeatus (Linnaeus, 1758)Morpholino oligonucleotide gene knockdown vivo-morpholino

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In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks

Published on: May 13, 2016

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

Published on: August 24, 2013

Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Genetics
Molecular biology

Background:

Antisense vivo-morpholino oligonucleotides (vivo-MOs) offer transient, specific gene knockdown with low toxicity in various organisms.
The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is an emerging model for evolutionary and ecological genetics, but lacks robust in-vivo gene function tools.
CRISPR gene knockouts can be challenging in stickleback, especially for essential genes.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a method for using splice-blocking vivo-MOs for gene knockdown in adult three-spined stickleback.
To assess the efficacy and delivery of vivo-MOs in key organs like the liver, spleen, and intestine.

Main Methods:

Intraperitoneal injection of splice-blocking vivo-MOs targeting three candidate genes in stickleback.
Assessment of gene expression in liver, spleen, and intestine tissues.
Validation of delivery using fluorescently labeled control vivo-MOs.

Main Results:

Successful knockdown of the Spi1b gene was achieved in the spleen.
No significant knockdown was observed for the other two targeted genes at the tested time points.
Fluorescent control vivo-MOs confirmed delivery to target organs, but uptake was variable.

Conclusions:

Vivo-MOs demonstrate potential as a tool for in-vivo gene knockdown in stickleback.
Variable delivery and uptake are key limitations affecting knockdown efficiency and reproducibility.
Further optimization of delivery methods is necessary to enhance the utility of vivo-MOs in stickleback research.