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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Organization of Genes02:07

Organization of Genes

Overview
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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  1. Home
  3. Alternatively Spliced Dual-coding Regions Contribute To The Human Gene Regulatory Program.
  1. Home
  3. Alternatively Spliced Dual-coding Regions Contribute To The Human Gene Regulatory Program.

Related Experiment Video

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes
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Published on: April 22, 2021

Alternatively Spliced Dual-Coding Regions Contribute to the Human Gene Regulatory Program.

Clément Goubert1, Alexander J Nord2, Kaitlin Sawyer3

  • 1R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|May 13, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dual coding regions (DCRs) allow genes to produce multiple proteins from the same DNA sequence. This conserved mechanism fine-tunes gene regulation and protein diversity across eukaryotes.

Keywords:
Alternative SplicingDual-Coding RegionsFrameshiftGene Regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Alternative splicing enables single genes to encode multiple protein isoforms in eukaryotes.
  • Dual coding regions (DCRs) allow distinct isoforms to utilize the same exon in different reading frames, yielding different amino acid sequences.
  • The functional significance of DCRs has remained largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a genome-wide analysis of DCRs in humans.
  • To investigate the conservation and functional implications of DCRs across species.
  • To characterize the structural and regulatory roles of DCRs.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide mapping of human UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot isoforms to the human genome.
  • Tracking of reading frames utilized by each isoform.
  • Comparative analysis of DCRs in human and mouse orthologs.
  • Analysis of tissue-specific expression patterns.
  • Structural prediction of protein domains.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified 1296 DCR-containing genes in humans.
    • Demonstrated conserved dual-coding potential in mouse orthologs, suggesting functional relevance.
    • Observed differential tissue-specific expression of DCR isoforms.
    • Found DCRs are typically short, exon-confined, and often introduce premature stop codons.
    • Structural predictions indicate non-canonical frames yield disordered peptides, impacting isoform stability.

    Conclusions:

    • DCRs are a common, conserved byproduct of alternative splicing in eukaryotes.
    • Dual coding contributes to gene regulation and functional diversity by modulating protein isoforms.
    • DCRs primarily affect terminal regions and protein stability rather than creating new folded domains.
    • This mechanism is a repeatedly co-opted strategy to fine-tune gene regulatory programs.