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Related Concept Videos

Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons
06:18

Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons

Published on: April 3, 2014

Distinct Rab11-associated membrane trafficking pathways bidirectionally control neuronal extracellular vesicle cargo

Amy L Scalera1, Cassandra R Blanchette1, Erica C Dresselhaus1

  • 1Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small GTPase Rab11 regulates neuronal extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo. Its effectors control EV precursor levels at synapses, influencing cargo release and cellular fate.

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Visualizing Intracellular SNARE Trafficking by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate synaptic communication and protein spread.
  • The small GTPase Rab11 is crucial for maintaining EV cargo at presynaptic terminals.
  • The precise roles of Rab11 effectors and Rab11 localization in neurons are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of Rab11 and its associated proteins in neuronal EV trafficking.
  • To determine how Rab11 regulates the presynaptic reservoir of EV cargoes.
  • To elucidate the distinct roles of Rab11 effectors in directing EV cargo fate.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized *Drosophila* motor neurons as a model system.
  • Performed a directed genetic screen of Rab11-associated factors.
  • Analyzed the localization and release of EV cargoes in *rab11* mutants and with specific effector manipulations.

Main Results:

  • EV cargoes redistributed from synapses to axons and cell bodies in *rab11* mutants, with reduced synaptic release.
  • Tethering and sorting factors are essential for maintaining presynaptic EV precursor levels.
  • Rab11-associated proteins exhibited opposing functions: MyoV and Rbo sustained cargo levels, while Nuf/Rab11FIP4 and Fwd restricted them.

Conclusions:

  • Rab11 regulates EV cargo pools via recycling flux, not direct release mediation.
  • Rab11 controls distinct organelle transport pathways and PI(4)P populations.
  • These pathways dictate the cellular fates of EV cargoes.