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C-Shaped Canal Systems in Mandibular Second Molars: A Bibliometric Analysis and Review of Key Research Themes
Yuwei Wang1, Ling Zou1, Yuan Gao1
1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Objective:
To conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on C-shaped canal systems in mandibular second molars (MSMs) and to review key research themes and evolving trends.
Methods:
A comprehensive search of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS-CC) was conducted for publications through 31 December 2024. Following study selection and data extraction, bibliometric data such as publication years, authors, citation counts, institutions, countries/regions, journals, and keywords were analyzed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, SPSS, and Microsoft Excel. A related review was also performed to synthesize key research themes and evolving trends.
Results:
166 publications from 1979 to 2024 met the inclusion criteria, with 50.6% published within the past 5 years. The most cited article received 239 citations. Research originated from 52 countries/regions, with China contributing the largest number of publications (n=34), followed by the United States (n=26). Wuhan University, the University of Hong Kong, and Texas A&M University were the leading institutional contributors. Journal of Endodontics (JOE) published the most articles (n=38), while International Endodontic Journal (IEJ) accumulated the highest total citations (n=1 666). James L. Gutmann was the most prolific author (n=12), and Bing Fan was the most cited (n=577). Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed "C-shaped canal" and "cone-beam computed tomography" as the most frequent terms, while "deep learning" demonstrated a recent and marked citation burst.
Conclusion:
This study provides an overview of influential studies on C-shaped canal systems in MSMs and identifies key research themes and evolving trends, serving as a reference for future research and clinical practice.
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