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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals01:27

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals

Lattice energy represents the energy released when gaseous cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid, reflecting the strength of electrostatic interactions within the crystal. This process is fundamentally governed by Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where the potential energy varies inversely with the interionic distance and directly with the product of ionic charges. As ions approach one another, the electrostatic energy becomes increasingly negative, indicating a...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
04:14

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

Published on: October 1, 2019

Structured lasing with disordered high-Q perovskite cavities.

Zhou Zhou1, Shihao Wang2,3, Wen Wen2,3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and NUS graduate school, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Science Advances
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered disorder in nanoscale lasers enables precise control over structured light emission. This novel disorder-on-disorder meta-cavity approach achieves low-threshold, high-quality factor lasing for advanced photonic applications.

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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
04:14

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
10:35

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Published on: September 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Nanotechnology
  • Laser Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Compact integrated photonic technology requires nanoscale lasers with low thresholds and controllable structured light output.
  • Engineered disorder in resonant cavities is a promising strategy, but limited symmetry breaking and disorder-phase correspondence hinder optical structure control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel meta-cavity design for customized eigenmode control and multichannel lasing emission.
  • To overcome limitations in existing disorder-based laser designs by decoupling symmetry-breaking mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed and experimentally realized disorder-on-disorder (DoD) meta-cavities by structuring perovskite materials.
  • Utilized translational and rotational disorder as decoupled symmetry-breaking mechanisms to preserve high quality-factor (Q) resonances.
  • Maximized mode-gain overlap in fully monolithic DoD meta-cavities.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated structured lasing with a low threshold (~7 µJ/cm²) and high Q-factor (~10³).
  • Achieved diverse structured laser arrays, including phase/polarization vortices, 1D/2D Airy beams, and Hermite/Laguerre-Gaussian beams.
  • Showcased the ability to customize eigenmodes for multichannel lasing emission control.

Conclusions:

  • The DoD meta-cavity offers a distinct and generalized route to compact, monolithic, high-Q photonic devices.
  • This approach enables precise control over structured light generation in nanoscale lasers.
  • Opens new opportunities for structured lasers, nonlinear optics, and integrated quantum photonics.