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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

Leveraging micro-disk array device for sensitive duloxetine detection in human urine.

Antonia Kalagia1, Marianna Ntorkou2, Constantinos K Zacharis2

  • 1Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.

Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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A novel microdisk array (MDA) technique efficiently quantifies duloxetine in urine using HPLC-FLD. This reusable, miniaturized method offers enhanced mass transfer, reduced solvent use, and demonstrates excellent accuracy and precision.

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Biomedical Analysis

Background:

  • Quantification of duloxetine in biological matrices is crucial for therapeutic drug monitoring.
  • Existing sample preparation methods can be time-consuming, solvent-intensive, and less efficient.
  • There is a need for miniaturized, reusable, and sustainable extraction techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a microdisk array (MDA)-based microextraction technique for duloxetine quantification.
  • To assess the efficiency, reusability, and environmental impact of the novel MDA system.
  • To apply the developed method for the analysis of duloxetine in human urine samples.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a reusable microdisk array (MDA) device using C18-coated microdisks on a stainless-steel spinal needle.
Keywords:
DeterminationDuloxetineHPLCMicrodisk arrayMicroextraction

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

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  • Optimization of adsorption and desorption parameters for duloxetine extraction from aqueous samples.
  • Quantification of duloxetine using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Fluorescence Detector (HPLC-FLD).

    • Main Results:

    • The MDA method achieved a linear response for duloxetine in the range of 25-500 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 15 ng/mL.
    • High precision (intra- and inter-day variability <3.1%) and accuracy (relative recovery 102.4%-118.1%) were obtained.
    • The MA index confirmed the low environmental impact, and the method was successfully applied to human urine samples.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed MDA-based microextraction technique is an efficient, miniaturized, and reusable sample preparation strategy.
    • The method offers significant advantages in terms of reduced sample manipulation and solvent consumption.
    • The MDA approach presents a sustainable and viable alternative for the analysis of duloxetine in biological fluids.