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Updated: May 15, 2026

A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction

A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction

Published on: January 26, 2016

A predictive surface tension model for liquid metallic solutions.

Yoongu Kang¹, In-Ho Jung¹

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

|May 13, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a parameter-free model to predict liquid metallic solution surface tension by quantifying atomic interactions and surface energies. The model accurately reproduces experimental data, revealing how bulk properties drive surface segregation.

Keywords:

Metallic solutions Surface segregation Surface tension Thermodynamics

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Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests

Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests

Published on: August 30, 2019

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction

A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction

Published on: January 26, 2016

Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests

Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests

Published on: August 30, 2019

Area of Science:

Thermodynamics
Materials Science
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Surface tension arises from unstable broken bonds at liquid surfaces, driving compositional changes to minimize Gibbs energy.
Predicting surface tension in liquid metallic solutions requires understanding atomic cohesive energies, interactions, and surface segregation phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a predictive model for surface tension in binary liquid metals based on thermodynamic principles.
To quantify the relationship between bulk thermodynamic properties, surface energies, and surface segregation.

Main Methods:

Developed a model expressing binary liquid metal surface tension as a function of component surface tensions and concentrations.
Imposed chemical potential equilibrium between bulk and surface layers, incorporating broken-bond energy contributions.
Extracted effective interatomic interactions and analyzed them against unary surface energies and bulk properties.

Main Results:

The model accurately predicted experimental surface tension data without empirical parameters.
Surface segregation was found to be driven by bulk thermodynamic properties and unary surface energies, demonstrating strong bulk-surface coupling.
The study presents the first parameter-free surface tension model integrating surface energy into chemical potential for complete prediction.

Conclusions:

This work establishes a clear link between bulk interactions, surface segregation, and resulting surface composition in liquid metallic solutions.
The developed model offers a robust, predictive tool for surface tension in liquid metals, grounded in fundamental thermodynamic principles.