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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
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Updated: May 15, 2026

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Published on: October 5, 2015

Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease in Treated Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Emily McNair¹, Shahanara Valawalkar², Samyra R Cox¹

¹Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, International Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

|May 13, 2026

Summary

Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) survivors experience persistent lung function deficits and respiratory symptoms post-treatment. Screening for post-tuberculosis lung disease is recommended for these individuals.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Published on: October 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Respiratory Health

Background:

Post-tuberculosis lung disease is a known complication of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).
Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) constitutes a significant portion of the global TB burden.
Pulmonary sequelae following EPTB treatment remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence and persistence of pulmonary sequelae in individuals treated for EPTB.
To compare lung function in EPTB survivors with non-tuberculosis controls.
To assess the association between EPTB treatment and ventilatory defects.

Main Methods:

Spirometry was conducted on adults treated for drug-sensitive PTB and EPTB at treatment completion and for 1.5 years post-treatment.
Adult household contacts without active TB served as non-tuberculosis controls.
Logistic and linear regression models analyzed the association of EPTB with spirometric abnormalities and lung function persistence.

Main Results:

EPTB survivors showed significantly lower FEV1 and FVC z-scores compared to controls.
Higher odds of airflow obstruction and restrictive spirometry were observed in EPTB survivors at treatment completion.
Lung function deficits and respiratory symptoms persisted in EPTB survivors throughout the 1.5-year follow-up period.

Conclusions:

Individuals treated for EPTB exhibit persistent ventilatory defects and respiratory symptoms.
Pulmonary sequelae in EPTB survivors are comparable to, but less severe than, those in PTB survivors.
Screening for post-tuberculosis lung disease is warranted in patients treated for EPTB.